Which of the following procedures requires direct supervision?

Root planing requires direct supervision because it is considered a more complex procedure that involves the removal of cementum and dentin from the roots of teeth to eliminate plaque and calculus from deep periodontal pockets. The significance of direct supervision lies in the need for the licensed dentist to be present in the treatment facility and actively supervising the dental hygienist during the procedure to ensure patient safety and the correct application of techniques. This is particularly important since root planing can significantly affect the periodontal status of the patient and requires careful assessment of the patient's individual needs prior to the procedure.

In contrast, the other procedures listed typically do not require the same level of direct oversight. Soft tissue curettage, while also a complex procedure, may sometimes be performed under different supervisory requirements depending on state practice acts. Fluoride treatments and pit/fissure sealants generally fall into categories where they can be performed under indirect supervision, allowing dental hygienists to administer them with less direct oversight. This reinforces the importance of understanding the distinctions in procedural requirements and the level of supervision needed for various dental hygiene practices in New Jersey.